Management - Cultural Communications Assignment

The board - Cultural Communications - Assignment Example U.S. Business Communication Protocols In the United States, when somebody is engaged with business, there are sure conventions that are relied upon to be followed. The United States is an independent society which fundamentally implies that individual is a higher priority than the gathering. Along these lines, numerous organizations are composed with the goal that the individual must accomplish their own work, except if there is a group. Obviously, if there is a group, every person in the group is relied upon to accomplish their own work. In the United States, time is viewed as significant and individuals are relied upon to be dependable when moving toward their occupations as well as gatherings. Americans likewise expect that individuals who are â€Å"on time† are more legitimate than the individuals who are late. They likewise conclude that individuals who use time well are progressively solid and individuals who can be relied on, at that point the individuals who don't util ize time well (â€Å"USA-Language†, n.d.). By and large, business meets start with a solid handshake, a grin and saying â€Å"hello† and individuals start a gathering instantly on time at whatever point conceivable. Additionally, agents are relied upon to keep in touch and first names are utilized. Business dress can differ contingent upon where the individual is found, the season, and the business the individual works inside. Additionally, business cards are traded and business cards are conveyed in a wallet or a handbag. Difficulties that Protocols Create Across Culture There are numerous difficulties that become possibly the most important factor when Americans collaborate with different societies. LeBaron (2003) recommends that mis-correspondence is extremely simple to do when individuals don't see each other’s contrasts in four territories: â€Å"Time and space, face and individual mindfully, face and face-sparing and nonverbal communication† (p. 2). Reality As expressed previously, time is imperative to most Americans and time is interchangeable with progress. Americans see a monochromic time approach which makes time straight and spotlights on one occasion or cooperation between individuals or occasions once at time. In Eastern societies, for instance, time is liquid and there is no start or beginning stage. They put stock in a â€Å"polychonous† framework (LeBaron, 2003, p. 3) that one may find that individuals talk together, at the same time, with a few discussions going on simultaneously. In business, when individuals are arranging terms of an agreement or strife emerges, individuals in monochromic time frameworks can turn out to be exceptionally eager in the event that they don't comprehend polychonous frameworks (LeBaron, 2003). Destiny and Personal Responsibility Many Americans accept that they have the decision of fashioning their own fates and they are certain that they can vanquish anything. In the event that an individual has something, they see as disappointment, they are regularly informed that they simply need to attempt once more. In this condition, â€Å"action, adequacy, and achievement† are a higher priority than everything else (LeBaron, 2003, p. 4). In numerous different societies (Native American, Chinese) there can be regard for everything on the planet. At the end of the day, they accept that there is a â€Å"natural request of things† (LeBaron, 2003, p. 4) that should be followed. At the point when these two societies class, the first may consider the to be as apathetic or might suspect they are exploitative. The subsequent individual, who puts stock in a characteristic request of things, may consider the to be individual as egotistical or pushy. Face and Face Saving Face, as indicated by LeBaron (2003) is frequently considered as the way that an individual appears

Writing For Life Paragraphs and Essays

Writing For Life Paragraphs and EssaysWhen it comes to writing for life, a writer's work is much different than most people think. I remember when I first became a writer and went to school, I was told that writing for life would be done in a novel-style. Now, I still write articles and essays, but they are different than the novels I read or the long paragraphs that professors gave me to write. So, what is the difference between these types of writing?There is a difference between writing for life paragraphs and essays. It seems that most people are looking for a way to cram a lot of information into a small space. That is not the only thing you need to write. If you are going to write for life, you need to write about more than just the usual topics that you find in novels or the essays you read.One thing that these great authors know is that writing can mean writing in the same manner as life does. Writing is the same as living. It is easy to forget this, but life comes and goes a nd not everything has to be permanent. Everything is temporary, and you are always writing. This is why you need to write.One of the best ways to get people to stop writing for life is to remind them of how things are at any given moment in life. Life changes, you go through a phase or two and you end up somewhere else. You don't have to stay there, though. Life comes again, and you can start again.This is the reason why life is so enjoyable: it gives you different experiences each day. Your life is no longer an experience, but an ongoing journey. Once you get used to this, your writing will come naturally. Just like this, you will learn how to write for life.In writing for life paragraphs and essays, you need to talk about some new experiences, things that you have learned, things that you have achieved and things that you have realized. For instance, when you go through a bad phase, you need to write about it. Remember how difficult it was? Well, this is how you write a great para graph.Writing for life paragraphs and essays will help you become a better writer. I hope you will try it, because it works. It will be an interesting challenge for you, so what are you waiting for?Remember the most important thing when you write for life is to write about the experiences you have had. Write about them in their entirety, and do not be afraid to make mistakes. No one will judge you for this, because you just shared a moment in your life.

Military Downsizing

Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER What Options Might the Pentagon Consider When Discussing the Downsizing of the Services just as Change Overseas Basing Richard Giadone Columbia Southern University MBA 5652 Research Methods Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER Permanently positioning powers abroad gives the U. S. military a vital advantageâ€but at a cost. That cost is paid as far as budgetary expense as well as far as the faculty, units, and hardware expected to help powers positioned outside the United States. We will look at the U. S. powers positioned in Europe and East Asia against the money related and faculty cost of keeping them there. Forward Based Versus Forward Deployed Forces The U. S. powers can be kept up abroad on either brief or a lasting premise. Units or staff that are in an outside nation consistently are supposed to be forward based or forward positioned. Interestingly, units and their related staff that are in an outside nation temporarily, commonly a half year or a year, while partaking in activities or tasks are supposed to be forward sent. A case of such powers is those now sent in Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. ) Although the differentiation may have all the earmarks of being negligible, it has significant ramifications for military powers and staff. Forward Based Units that are forever based outside the United States stay set up while people relegated to the units travel every which way. For instance, the second Infantry Division (second ID) has been po sitioned in South Korea since the 1950s, because of the Korean War cease-fire. While the division, with its central station and subordinate units, stay set up, somewhere in the range of 13,000 Army fighters turn through it on one-year unaccompanied visits. The administrations are presently permitting families to go with administration individuals to Korea for two Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER year visits. Korea has a 8% faculty turnover every month. What's more, 20% of all Soldiers on task to Korea never appear. In different areas, for example, Germany, U. S. military work force serve multi year visits with units positioned there and can carry their families with them. With the assistance of partners, the United States has developed enormous frameworks abroad to help forward positioned units, doled out faculty, and their families. Practically all abroad bases that forever house enormous quantities of U. S. administration individuals remember the entirety of the enhancements of bases for the United States, for example, grocery stores, churches, practice offices, and post workplaces. Furthermore, in places where families may go with administration individuals, the Department of Defense (DoD) has set up schools for military wards. In Germany alone, DoD runs 70 schools for in excess of 30,000 kids who are wards of U. S. military work force and DoD regular folks. Another part of forward based units is that work force presenting with them are considered on perpetual task rather than transitory obligation and along these lines experience a â€Å"permanent change of station† (PCS) when they move from a task in the United States to a task abroad. In a PCS move, administration individuals can bring their family unit merchandise (counting vehicles) at the administration's (taxpayer’s) cost, whether or not they are joined by relatives. The way that faculty are allocated to, and move all through forward put together units with respect to an individual premise makes consistent turnover in those units. With the three-year visits normal in Germany, 33% of the people in a specific unit will turn over each Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER year and the whole populace will turn over in three years. Besides, when people total a visit with a forward-based unit, they are commonly allocated to an alternate unit in the United States than the one they served in before going abroad. Forward Deployed Units Forward conveyed powers, for example, those now in Afghanistan or Kosovo, are abroad on a brief premise as it were. The United States doesn't foresee having powers positioned in Iraq or Afghanistan for the following 50 years, as it has done in Germany. Or maybe, it foresees that once Afghanistan is secure, U. S. troops will be pulled back and not supplanted. As a result, the United States has no designs to fabricate expound bases to house U. S. powers in Afghanistan. In like manner, generally, military faculty are not allocated to obligation in Afghanistan a similar way they are to obligation in South Korea or Germany. In the event that a unit situated in the United States, for example, the 25th Infantry Division, is allocated to obligation in Afghanistan for nine months to a year, the entirety of the work force related with the division who are qualified will send to Afghanistan for the length of the visit. Nor fighters' very own effects (barring some individual things) nor their families will go with them. Moreover, however much as could be expected, the entirety of the people allocated to the unit will send and remain with it for the whole time frame and come back to the command post together. Those sent powers are regularly remembered for counts of U. S. powers abroad, however in reality they are formally viewed as abroad on an impermanent premise, despite the fact that a few activities upheld by rotational organizations have proceeded for quite a long time  Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER U. S. Powers Based in Europe The United States has around 100,000 military staff forward situated in Europe. The majority of them are positioned in Germany, where the United States has kept up powers since the finish of World War II, initially as an occupation power and later as a component of NATO's protection during the Cold War. In spite of the fact that the size of U. S. powers in Europe declined by 66% after the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, the need to keep up the present levels is being addressed by some guard examiners and Administration authorities. Armed force Forces The Army represents around 60 percent of deployment ready U. S. faculty positioned in Europe. Notwithstanding critical cuts in those faculty after the unification of Germany and the disintegration of the Soviet Union during the 1990s, the Army keeps on basing two of its 10 divisions and one of its four corps in Europe. Therefore, a huge segment of the Army's battle power is positioned on that mainland, basically in Germany. All things considered, the Army's battle units (divisions and detachments) represent not exactly 50% of the administration's well-trained staff in Europe. The first Armored Division and the first Infantry Division (automated) has just two of its three battle detachments and around 12,500 of its all out 16,000 work force situated in Germany. The Army's other battle unit in Europeâ€the 173rd Airborne Brigade, situated in Vicenza, Italyâ€has around 1,000 work force doled out to it. Consequently, the Army's perpetual deployment ready battle powers in Europe aggregate around 26,000 individuals. Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER Another 27,000 or so deployment ready work force are alloted to what the Army calls battle support (CS) units, for example, gunnery, and battle administration support (CSS) units, for example, transportation. CS and CSS units give different sorts of help to battle detachments and divisions. The other 7,000 or so well-trained Army work force situated in Europe are doled out to what could be named authoritative units, for example, clinical offices, NATO central command in Brussels, and contracting organizations. On the whole, around 43 percent of Army powers in Europe are alloted to battle units, 45 percent to help units, and 12 percent to regulatory obligations. (The breakdown for Army powers in Germany is comparable: 45 percent battle, 45 percent backing, and 10 percent authoritative. ) Army Bases The Army keeps up a broad system of bases in Europe, including very nearly 300 establishments. Like its work force, by far most of the Army's abroad framework (255 establishments) is in Germany. The biggest and probably the most costly Army bases in Europe are at Grafenwoehr and Hohenfels, Germany. Those two preparing facilitiesâ€which give ranges and space where Army units can rehearse strategies and maneuversâ€cover 52,000 sections of land and 40,000 sections of land, separately, and have a consolidated substitution estimation of more than $1. 5 billion. (6) The Army likewise keeps up 33 garisson huts for unaccompanied warriors and 36 â€Å"villages† for family lodging in Germany, which have a substitution estimation of generally $14 billion. Other Army establishments in Germany incorporate five medical clinics, five lodgings, 15 littler preparing regions, nine runways, four Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER stops, three fairways, a Boy Scout camp, and a Girl Scout camp. That foundation is intended to improve warriors' spirit and, somewhat, recreate the offices and comforts that would be found around numerous Army bases in the United States. Aviation based armed forces, Navy, and Marine Corps Forces and Bases The other three administrations have less powers positioned in Europe than the Army does. What's more, they have not focused their powers and bases on that landmass in Germany to the degree that the Army has. The Air Force keeps up the second biggest nearness in Europe after the Army, with 34,000 deployment ready faculty and 201 establishments in 12 nations. The biggest unexpected (15,000 deployment ready staff) is situated in Germany, however the Air Force additionally has moderately huge quantities of individuals in the United Kingdom (10,000) and Italy (4,000). The administration's significant battle units are circulated comparably, with Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy each facilitating one contender wing. The best quantities of Air Force establishments in Europe are situated in Germany. The base at Ramstein, Germany, is the primary air center point for U. S. powers from all administrations traveling to or from different pieces of the world, including the United States and the Middle East. The Air Force al

Business Architecture for Adopt a Farm Essay - 1100 Words

Business Architecture for Adopt a Farm (Research Paper Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameInstitution affiliationInstructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameCourse detailsDue dateADOPT-A-FARM BUSINESSAdopt-A-Farm is a United States company which was created in 2009 to carry out different activities to farmers such as creation of awareness of the farms in local areas, finding the prospective volunteers that may help farmers in carrying out activities like harvesting and enticing consumers of these farm products. In order to carry out its operations better, any firm should have a good business structure and architectural design. Adopt-A-Farm is not given exception as should have a better business structure in order to help in connecting the citizens to different local farmers and in enhancing partnerships between different farmers and citizens. A proper design will create a good image for the company and its reputation amongst the locals will be higher.In order to that the business programs run smoothly, it is important for the farm to work on differe nt architectural programs that will be of higher quality. These will be the blueprints. These are the different results of technical drawings which may give a good architectural design. It may also include the using different contact printing techniques on sensitive sheets. It mainly have a background that is blue in colour. Different materials may be used for to make blueprints. For example a paper may be used, different linens used for printing or even a polyester film. The best way will be use of whiteprints or xerographic photocopying machines with different formats to produce the required drawings. There are different business requirements of this firm. Business requirements are the matters that deal with taking details of the users of the business such as customers, different sellers, employees so as to help in development cycle in order to assist in a good future design system.The different types of this business requirements include factors such may lead to success at a futu re date, the different proceeding models and analysing tools such as flowchart diagrams to show the current and the future projected level of the business. The requirements may often include use of data diagrams that show the way different information flow in the systems. Another requirement is the logical data models, the information on the organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s terms and different dictionary references that may be used to refer to different terms and names involving some plants, their fruits and seed or even the different uses of their products and by-products. The other basic requirement of the business is to develop information of the business in terms of its context, that is, what it entails, its vision and activities that may attract customers and information about its background and foundation which may also include the different reasons for making particular changes during its operation. It is also a requirement of the business to look into different constraints that may be caused by its operations in the nation or that may be imposed by other different systems in the business or outside the business.It is also important that the business looks into the benefits that it may gain. The benefits may include trying to reduce the failures that may arise, take into account savings on costs of operations, finding better partnerships and different forms of creation of consensus. These are the basic requirements that the business needs in order to be widely known and attracting a customer base. These requirements will need to be documented and their results to be seen. They should therefore be incorporated with the systems reference document that will give details about different projected outcomes in terms of technology performance and different architectural designs such as communication system and building of other infrastructural facilities. The business needs to have its value chain. The chain involves looking into various activities such as planning, making of goods, crating different sources, the sales process, delivery of goods and service provision activities which may be beneficial to the business. Being a farm business, the main activities will involve taking into account every detail of a product such as costs, sales price, dates of entry in the store and date of sales, any possible changes made to the product. This may also involve creation of customer and employee details.In this case, the main activities that need to take place is recording of details and creation of awareness of the business. This will therefore require an integration of a blueprint technology. Firstly, charts of different products need to be shown in a better way that will create awareness. These charts may show the different crops in the fields while growing and when fully mature. They may also show the output per unit after harvesting. Furthermore, a chart of different requirements used during planting season needs to be developed. In this case we s hall develop a chart that needs to be filled by the company management in order to show the details of its bets products. In this instance, we can look at the top five products that it deals with.Plant/crop product Total production cost Output per unit Total sales made Profit per unit 1.sunflower 2. corn maize 3. pineapples 4. milk products 5. wool The above chart will look attractive to anybody who sees it and may be attracted to invest in the business. Another area that needs to be developed is the design of communication infrastructure. In this case, there needs to be a developed in the channel of taking records of the products. A better program that need to be installed in ...

E-Commerce - eBay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2810 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example?   E-COMMERCE Assignment set 1 1 a. eBay is the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Online Marketplace  ®, enabling trade on a local, national and international basis. With a diverse and passionate community of individuals and small businesses, eBay offers an online platform where millions of items are traded each day. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "E-Commerce eBay" essay for you Create order Mention and explain the various opportunities offered by ecommerce for businesses. b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of eCommerce? Ans: (a) opportunities offered by ecommerce for businesses 1. Tourism and Travel Sector: This sector has updated its system with e- commerce services. Consumers can make online reservations of hotels, motels, air tickets, railway tickets, etc. 2. Banking Sector: Most banks have changed their working style by making their services available online through their respective websites. 3. Health Care Sector: This sector is large and uses a major part of government expenses. So, most health care companies communicate or exchange their services with each other. 4. Stock Sector: In the stock exchange sector, e-commerce services provide demit account facilities for customers who can do an overall analysis of the status of the stock areas and do their respective transactions. 5. Financial Sector: In India, the financial sector has ad opted e-commerce services and the users make maximum use of the same. Advantages of eCommerce: Customers can use the marketplace at all times with the use of e-commerce services. Customers are fully satisfied and receive better service. No mediators: Customers can directly contact the suppliers and remove all mediators. Using the e-commerce services, one can understand consumer behavior, for example, websites, products, schemes and modes of payment which are preferred by the customer. Can save time because they can purchase anything through the merchant websites. Disadvantages of eCommerce: 1.People who have no knowledge about electronic communication like the Internet, and computers find it difficult to transact electronically. 2. Small businessmen do not want to take any extra burden because they have no knowledge ofe-commercefunctions. 3. Some types of businesses are not fit fore-commerceservices. 4. Before implementinge-commerceservices in the business, it is necessary to complete certain legal formalities like authorization and authentication. 5. High risk for Internet startup organization. 6. Security problems 7. Customer relation problems 8. Data integrity problems 9. Customer satisfaction problems Q: 2 The TCP/IP reference model is the network model used in the current Internet architecture. This model is derived from the OSI model and they are relatively same in nature. Explain the different characteristics of Gateways in the TCP/IP reference model with a neat diagram b. Write short note on Hyper Te xt Markup Language (HTML) with example Ands: (a) Characteristics of Gateways Gateways provide full protocol conversion from one proprietary LAN technology to another, i.e. Ethernet to token ring or FDDI or any other standard or protocol rather than encapsulation It uses higher layers of the OSI model, perhaps through layer 7, the application layer. IBM SNA, DEC net, Internet TCP/IP and other protocols can be converted from network-to-network Unlike bridges and routers, gateways operate slowly because of protocol conversion. Consequently, they may create bottlenecks of congestion during periods of peak usage. Default Gateway Default gateway consists of manually registering router IP addresses in the host. This method is simple; and is the most frequently used. Note however, that if two or more routers are connected to the same subnet, the network administrator must determine which of these routers the message should be sent to. To solve this problem, a message calle d ICMP redirect is available. Default gateway checks the destination host address in the received message. If it determines that the message should be sent via other router, it will send back a redirect message that includes the IP address of the selected router, to the source host. When the source host receives this message, it stores the destination host address as well as the second router address so that it can send messages addressed to this host via the second router. (b) Hypertext Markup Language. Hypertextis the method by which you move around on the web à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  by clicking on special text calledhyperlinkswhich bring you to the next page. The fact that it is hyperjust means it is not linear à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet whenever you want by clicking on links à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  there is no set order to do things in. Markupis whatHTML tagsdo to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain type of text (italicizedtext, for example). HTML is aLanguage, as it has code-words and syntax like any other language. Example: html head about authors /head title First Page /title body h1 Hello this my Home page! /body /html Q: 3 Hanson websites are built to work for your business and are built on the concept of intelligent website. An intelligent website is more than just a brochure on the web. It allows you to edit the website yourself through a Content Management System (CMS). What is the need for an intelligent website? Ans: The need of intelligent website is to create the next generation products, services and frameworks though the research application and study of information technology and artificial intelligence. Following are the steps companies follow to increase their information. Basic Web traffic analysis Customer interaction analysis Real-timepersonalization Getting tofine-grainedsegmentation Going through the streams of clicks Enrich content with external data Reaching optimal intelligence. 1. Basic Web traffic analysis: In this step it analyze the Web traffic this provides the information of records of entry the duration of viewed, exit point into a web or pages the link they follow. 2. Customer interaction analysis: This step is used to collect more information about the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interactions with the website. Registered users through this registration process, the site is able to get information related to both the demographics and preference. This type of data is used to help inform personalization engines to serve the contents according to the visitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interests. 3. Real-timepersonalization: Personalization is the ultimate realization of the one-to-one marketing dream. Four ways of personalization includes. Greetings: This is a more general way of personalization. The customer is greeted by name and welcomed back whenever he or she visits the site. Customization: It allows a customer to tailor the service he or she receives from an e-commerce site Recommendation: t was based only on the preferences that a customer would have explicitly expressed during registration. Now, it can be done in real time and predicted automatically by the personalization engine using different types of information such as observed real-time behavior, purchase histories and expressed preferences. Customization: It allows a customer to tailor the service he or she receives from an e-commerce site. 4. Getting to fine-grained segmentation: This step also uses artificial intelligence to conduct knowledge discovery. That is, it can look for patterns in large data sets and identify common elements. 5. Going through the streams of clicks: Click-stream information is the recording of every page request from every visitor by the website owners. This information is stored into massive log files. 6. Enrich content with external data: Once a customer performs a number of purchases, the website is able to further enhance the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profile. Demographic data from third party providers may be added to the profile to provide a richer view of the customer base. 7. Reaching optimal intelligence: A company can reach optimal intelligence once it is able to combine historical transaction records, observed behaviour via click-stream data and preferences expressed in online surveys. Q: 4 when a data is sent across the network it is encrypted and arrang ed in a way that even if there is a diversion in the flow of data should not leak the data. At the reception it is decrypted and actual data is obtained. Explain the different methods of encryption technique. Ans: Encryption is a method by which plaintext can be converted into cipher text. There are three types of cryptography or methods of encryption: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Secret key or private key or symmetric key cryptography à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Public key or asymmetric key cryptography à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Hash function 1. Secret key or symmetric key cryptography In this scheme, both the sender and the recipient possess the same key to encrypt and decrypt the data. Figure 8.1 shows how secret or private key cryptography works. Data Encryption Standard Data Encryption Standard (DES) is an example of secret key cryptography. It was developed by IBM. DES is block cipher-based scheme which encrypts a 64-bit data block using a 56-bit key. The block is transformed in such a w ay that it involves sixteen iterations. Drawbacks of secret key cryptography à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Both parties must agree upon a shared secret key. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢If there are n correspondents, you have to keep track of n different secret keys. If the same key is used by more than one correspondent, the common key holders can read each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mail. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Symmetric encryption schemes are also subject to authenticity problems. Since both the sender and the recipient have the same secret key, the identity of originator or recipient cannot be proved. Both can encrypt or decrypt the message. 2. Triple Encryption DES is considered unsafe for various applications primarily due to the 56-bit key size which is too small. Triple DES is considered as an improved version to overcome many of the shortcomings of DES. The triple encryption technology is based on DES and is sometimes referred as Triple DES or 3DES. The event follows an Encrypt-Decrypt-Encr ypt (EDE) sequence. Decrypt sequence is just the same encrypting operation with the keys reversed. It is based on the DES algorithm and can easily modify the existing software to use Triple DES. It has a longer key length that helps in eliminating many of the shortcut attacks used to reduce the amount of time it takes to break DES. Triple DES mode of operation takes three 64-bit keys for an overall key length of 192 bits. In Private Key Encryption, the user can just type in the complete 192-bit (24 character) key rather than entering each of the three keys individually. The procedure for encryption is exactly the same as regular DES, but it is repeated three times. The data is encrypted with the first key, decrypted with the second key and finally encrypted again with the third key 3. Public key cryptography This scheme operates on a double key, called pair key, one of which is used to encrypt the message and the other is used to decrypt it. This can be viewed as two parts ; one part of the key pair, the private key, is known only by the designated owner. The other part, the public key, is published widely but is still associated with the owner of the private key. HASH function Hash function is a formula that converts a message of a given length into a string of digits called a message digest. Q: 5 explain different kinds of electronic payments system in detail. Ans: Electronic payment system An electronic payment system is an online business process that enables fund transfer through an electronic medium such as personal computers and mobile phones. Types of Electronic Payment Systems (EPS) There are three main categories of EPS. 1. Banking and Financial Payments Large-scaleor whole payment (e.g.,bank-to-banktransaction) Small-scaleor retail payment (e.g., ATM) Home banking (e.g., bill payment) 2. Retail Payments Credit cards (VISA or Master cards) Private label credit/debit cards (e.g., JC Penny cards) Charges cards (e.g., American Express) 3. Onlinee-commercePayments This category is again divided into two types: (i)Electronictoken-basedpayment system Electronic cash (e.g., DigiCash) Electronic cheques (e.g., NetCheque) Smart cards or debit cards (e.g., Mondexe-currencycards) (ii)Creditcard-basedpayment systems Encrypted credit cards (wwwform-basedencryption) Third-partyauthorization number (e.g., First Virtual Electronic cards: Electronic cards are designed to reflect your bank, financial and retail payments. By having one, it means that you definitely do not need to visit your bank physically in order to access your account. Mostly cut out of hard plastic material to make them durable, the cards will have a magnet trip that allows the machines to be able to gain access to your bank account electronically. They will come in three major types, the debit card, the credit card and the prepaid card. All that the vender has to do is to swap your card across the payment system where a message will be sent to your bank and immediately reply with a confirmation message. All this is done in a matter of seconds Online e-commerce Payments: This kind of payment system is slowly on the rise. We can attribute this to the increase of online shopping. Having an online account with either PayPal money bookers and or any provider allows you to be able to transfer funds more quickly as there are no restrictions and limitations on what you can do with your electronic money. One can be able to access their online accounts through their phones and or computers. These accounts are so simple to use. Q: 6 we know that there are various internet services which help us to make the use of network efficiently. Being a regular user of the various services without probably, knowing the technical aspects explain those services in details with an example. Ans: internet services an organization that provides an information service over the Internet. Examples are search engines, cloud storage services and application service providers. Following services that are available on the Net: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢World Wide Web à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢E-mail à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢File Transfer Protocol à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Telnet à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Web Chat à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Online Service à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Instant Messaging World Wide Web World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents a ccessed via the Internet. E.g. www. Ikea.com Electronic Mail E-mail is any method of digitally creating, transmitting or storing human communication that is primarily textual. SMTP was first published as Internet Standard 10 (RFC 821) in 1982. However, e-mail soon became à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"network e-mailà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. By 1966, messages could be exchanged between different computers. The creation of ARPANET in 1969 made a very significant contribution to the development of e-mail and one report indicates experimental inter-system e-mail transfers. In 1971, Ray Tomlinson started the use of the [email  protected]/* */ sign which separates the user name from their machine name E-mail system work. The model on which a modern e-mail system works is the store-and-forward model. E-mails could only send or receive text messages composed in the ASCII character set. Example hotmail, yahoo etc. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): It is a network protocol used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network such as the Internet. Special FTP software is required to connect to an FTP site and download and upload files. Both commercial and free FTP software programs are available. The following information is required to connect to an FTP site: 1. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Server addressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"hostnameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢: The network address of the computer you want to connect to; for example, FTP.MYFTPSITE.COM. 2. Username and password: These are the credentials you use to access the specific files on the computer you wish to connect to. Telnet: It is a network protocol used on the Internet or in LAN connections, it was developed in 1969, technology with which a user can get access to a command line interface on a remote machine. telnet castor Trying 129.215.112.8 Connected to castor.ucs.ed.ac.uk. Escape character is ^]. SunOS UNIX (castor) login: Web Chat: Web chat allows users to communicate with one a nother in real time through Web interfaces. A Web browser is the only requirement to be able to chat on the Web. HTML pages came with their disadvantages as well, the main one being their interactivity. Every HTML message required a form to be submitted and a page to be loaded. There were delays in receiving messages and page flicker because of frequent page reloads. As a result, the use of HTML chat sites reduced. Java applet technology was introduced in 1995, Advanced network and graphical capabilities. But Java too had its own problemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"long initial page loading time Newer technologies have been in use since 2005, Ajax and Flash Online se s a generic term that describes any company, organization or group that provides an online service. These types of services may include Web sites, discussion forums, chat rooms, or Web mail. OSPs may also refer to a company that provides dial-up access to the Internet service example C Online service: Online services provide an infrastructure in which subscribers can communicate with one another, either by exchanging e-mail messages or by participating in online conferences (forums). In addition, the service can connect users with an almost unlimited number of third-party information providers. Subscribers can get up-to-date stock quotes, news stories hot off the wire, articles from many magazines and journals, in fact, almost any information that has been put in electronic form. Of course, accessing all this data carries a price. Instant messaging: A type of communications service that enables you to create a kind of private chat room with another individual in order to communicate in real time over the Internet

The Is Not Worth Living For A Man - 866 Words

One of Socrates most famous quotes is arguably when he said that â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living for a man.† This quote was said on his trial against the Athenians and since then it has provoked a lot of thought. What does he mean? Why does he think that? Is it true? Well in this paper I will talk a bit about this and put forth my opinion on the matter as well as discuss what the other famous philosopher Descartes may have thought about this quote. So the first question is what does this quote really mean? I think that this quote is basically saying â€Å"what is the point of life if you aren’t going to understand it?† It seems that Socrates thinks that if you aren’t questioning your existence and how you came to be then you’re wasting your time. Blindly accepting what seemingly is and what isn’t is in his mind a terrible way to be. Without searching for answers how can you know what is and isn’t actually real? For all he knows, everything could be a lie and in his eyes living a lie is a terrible way to live. This is what I think is his reasoning behind the quote. As for my opinion on this, I think he’s being a bit harsh. There is no right or wrong way to live life and if people are content with what they think they know now, then why challenge them? Not everyone doubts everything and that’s because they don’t feel it necessary. Whether or not things are real and understood in life doesn’t necessarily matter. All that matters is that things work out. We still feelShow MoreRelatedThe Absurd Man By Albert Camus1275 Words   |  6 Pagesabsurd inevitably creates the absurd man. In the three works that will be discussed, by Albert camus tend to deal with the philosophy of the absurd and how the absurd man abides to this philosophy. Through three characters each example of the absurd man is evidently present among each work. 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Islamic paradigm free essay sample

Therefore, despite their claim to have a totalistic protractor history, Annalists historians were counterrevolutionaries. In my opinion, it is only in Islamic paradigm for the study of civilization that one can find a holistic (taws. Kid)approach history. It is a pity that none of the leading historians interviewed by Gallagher in this study showed any appreciation Islamic epistemology. It is interesting observe leading Western scholars of Islam and Muslim world were openly convincingness they had boondoggling the Nonalcoholics approach to history. This school, as indicated above, was not administrable even for the study of Westerncivilization. Nevertheless,in view of its unique methodology, the book is, in many ways, an important contribution to the Middle Eastern historiography. However, the editor can not be credited with creating this oral approach history. Before publication of this work, there were Lawrenceville similar works in the field. The mentionable study in this regard is Paths to the Middle East: Ten Scholarly Back edited by Thomas Naif. The book is useful for students, as the leading scholars of the Middle East have offered a lot of invaluable advice to students the Middle Eastern story. In addition, the book sheds some light on Orientation and on the lives of the leading orientations of the postwar War II era. The study is useful for students of history, historiography, orientation, and sociology. Accountability in Islam Accountability: A Comparatively offhand Irresponsibilitys Islam and Man-mediocrities, by SheikhOsmanAbdulKaderai-Sari, translated by Mohammedanism. Clangor,Magnesia: WEB Printer, 1992. Up. 103. ISBN 983-9668-18-8. Reviewer: Seed Surreal Islam, Department Political Science,lolls [1 04] INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE The question of accountability has for long been one of the major issues in politics and administration. In the Western literature. Two groups of theorists- the Marxist and the Liberals-have given basically contradictory opinions on this issue. However. Both groups of theorists have serious weaknesses which have led many others to think of alternative approaches to this concept. Sheikh Osama Abdullah AY-Safaris Accountability: A Comparative Study of Human Responsibility Between Islam and Man-made Doctrines is one such attempt. As he points out, Man-made citrines are driving mankind rapidly towards its doom. This dire dilemma prompts thinking to find a solution.. -At this point of our discussion comes Islam to offer the really ideal solution (p. 61). The book. Originally written in Arabic and translated into English by Muhammad Bawd. Consists of nine chapters and is divided into two parts. In the first part. The author examines major Western ideologies. Including Marxism, Liberalism. And Determinism. Sheikh Osama points out that while the Marxist see mans behavior as part and parcel of the movement of society. (p. L) the liberals give sanctity to the individual rather than to society (p. ). According to the Marxist. Individual freedom is limited by socio-economic and political conditions of a state. And life is essentially of a dialectic nature. And it follows from this that mans responsibility is part of this paradox and of the dialectics of society (p. 14). To the liberals, on the other hand, individuals have full freedom: Individuals can behave the way they like and make their arra ngements on conditions that their actions or arrangements do not contradict laws or regulations in force (p. 47). After stating the main points of the Marxist. Liberals. ND Determinist. Sheikh Osama proceeds to examine their views. He points out that the Western approaches are man-made doctrines and have serious shortcomings. First, accountability in these approaches applies exclusively to the social and public aspects of mans life, and does not concern itself with the individuals private life. Secondly, these approaches are concerned only with mans present earthly life and do not take into consideration life after death. Thirdly. CocoaJ;notability in these approaches is based on constitutional and general laws. Finally. In the Western models. Ethos have to be developed for implementing these laws. In the second part of the book. Sheikh Osama explains the Islamic point of view on accountability. In Islam. Tackle (accountability) includes commands. Forbidden things as well as matters left to [1 05] choice. Accountability in Islam comprises main categories of ordinances: doctrinal and statutory. While the former is detailed in the Holy Curran, the tater is discussed the domain of fish (Islamic Jurisprudence). Let follows from this that individuals are liable to both doctrinal and practical duties. A Muslim, the authors says, should obey all commandments keep away from all he is forbidden to do and to worship God alone with no partners. Man has no choice in evading these duties. Thus, while in the man-made doctrines, philosophers and speculators have to toil to prove their ideas and convince others often, in Islam, this is not the case with Gods manslaughter the concept of responsibility is delineated by the Characteristic. The justification for responsibility, thus commoners inside the messages Islam and not from outside as in the case with man- mediocrities. (P. 84)Len examining concept accountability, the author explains in detail also the conception al-had the (right path) and al-alai (wrong path). In the last chapter, Sheikh Osama makes several comments, the most important of which is that in Islam every individual is directly accountable Almighty Allah. Every individual is responsible for himself. In this world, accountabilitys both collective anticipated, on the day of comprehensibilitys is strictly individual (p. 95). Thus, individual accountability goes beyond this life and extends to the hereafter. Finally, the author concludes that while the nature of responsibility in man- underestimates at organogenesis relationship betterments beings within the framework of material appearances [Islam] probes the depths of the human soul and takes into considerations origin, formation and its end, and looks after its needs in the light of its existence in the present life as well as in the hereafter. (p. 99) Undoubtedly, this book is a product of SheikhOsmanspainstaking efforts. However, it suffers from conglomerations. First, in examining both the Marxist and Liberal approaches to the concept of accountability it would have been better if the author had given the views of specific philosophers rather than talking in general terms. Secondly, ,. While discussing conception al-had and al-algal, the author could have brought other relevant concepts like Jamaica (consensus)and IL . Azans(motivation for perfection) which have direct bearing on making an individual accountable is duties. Thirdly, the book is full of repetitions.