E-Commerce - eBay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2810 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example?   E-COMMERCE Assignment set 1 1 a. eBay is the Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Online Marketplace  ®, enabling trade on a local, national and international basis. With a diverse and passionate community of individuals and small businesses, eBay offers an online platform where millions of items are traded each day. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "E-Commerce eBay" essay for you Create order Mention and explain the various opportunities offered by ecommerce for businesses. b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of eCommerce? Ans: (a) opportunities offered by ecommerce for businesses 1. Tourism and Travel Sector: This sector has updated its system with e- commerce services. Consumers can make online reservations of hotels, motels, air tickets, railway tickets, etc. 2. Banking Sector: Most banks have changed their working style by making their services available online through their respective websites. 3. Health Care Sector: This sector is large and uses a major part of government expenses. So, most health care companies communicate or exchange their services with each other. 4. Stock Sector: In the stock exchange sector, e-commerce services provide demit account facilities for customers who can do an overall analysis of the status of the stock areas and do their respective transactions. 5. Financial Sector: In India, the financial sector has ad opted e-commerce services and the users make maximum use of the same. Advantages of eCommerce: Customers can use the marketplace at all times with the use of e-commerce services. Customers are fully satisfied and receive better service. No mediators: Customers can directly contact the suppliers and remove all mediators. Using the e-commerce services, one can understand consumer behavior, for example, websites, products, schemes and modes of payment which are preferred by the customer. Can save time because they can purchase anything through the merchant websites. Disadvantages of eCommerce: 1.People who have no knowledge about electronic communication like the Internet, and computers find it difficult to transact electronically. 2. Small businessmen do not want to take any extra burden because they have no knowledge ofe-commercefunctions. 3. Some types of businesses are not fit fore-commerceservices. 4. Before implementinge-commerceservices in the business, it is necessary to complete certain legal formalities like authorization and authentication. 5. High risk for Internet startup organization. 6. Security problems 7. Customer relation problems 8. Data integrity problems 9. Customer satisfaction problems Q: 2 The TCP/IP reference model is the network model used in the current Internet architecture. This model is derived from the OSI model and they are relatively same in nature. Explain the different characteristics of Gateways in the TCP/IP reference model with a neat diagram b. Write short note on Hyper Te xt Markup Language (HTML) with example Ands: (a) Characteristics of Gateways Gateways provide full protocol conversion from one proprietary LAN technology to another, i.e. Ethernet to token ring or FDDI or any other standard or protocol rather than encapsulation It uses higher layers of the OSI model, perhaps through layer 7, the application layer. IBM SNA, DEC net, Internet TCP/IP and other protocols can be converted from network-to-network Unlike bridges and routers, gateways operate slowly because of protocol conversion. Consequently, they may create bottlenecks of congestion during periods of peak usage. Default Gateway Default gateway consists of manually registering router IP addresses in the host. This method is simple; and is the most frequently used. Note however, that if two or more routers are connected to the same subnet, the network administrator must determine which of these routers the message should be sent to. To solve this problem, a message calle d ICMP redirect is available. Default gateway checks the destination host address in the received message. If it determines that the message should be sent via other router, it will send back a redirect message that includes the IP address of the selected router, to the source host. When the source host receives this message, it stores the destination host address as well as the second router address so that it can send messages addressed to this host via the second router. (b) Hypertext Markup Language. Hypertextis the method by which you move around on the web à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  by clicking on special text calledhyperlinkswhich bring you to the next page. The fact that it is hyperjust means it is not linear à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet whenever you want by clicking on links à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  there is no set order to do things in. Markupis whatHTML tagsdo to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain type of text (italicizedtext, for example). HTML is aLanguage, as it has code-words and syntax like any other language. Example: html head about authors /head title First Page /title body h1 Hello this my Home page! /body /html Q: 3 Hanson websites are built to work for your business and are built on the concept of intelligent website. An intelligent website is more than just a brochure on the web. It allows you to edit the website yourself through a Content Management System (CMS). What is the need for an intelligent website? Ans: The need of intelligent website is to create the next generation products, services and frameworks though the research application and study of information technology and artificial intelligence. Following are the steps companies follow to increase their information. Basic Web traffic analysis Customer interaction analysis Real-timepersonalization Getting tofine-grainedsegmentation Going through the streams of clicks Enrich content with external data Reaching optimal intelligence. 1. Basic Web traffic analysis: In this step it analyze the Web traffic this provides the information of records of entry the duration of viewed, exit point into a web or pages the link they follow. 2. Customer interaction analysis: This step is used to collect more information about the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interactions with the website. Registered users through this registration process, the site is able to get information related to both the demographics and preference. This type of data is used to help inform personalization engines to serve the contents according to the visitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interests. 3. Real-timepersonalization: Personalization is the ultimate realization of the one-to-one marketing dream. Four ways of personalization includes. Greetings: This is a more general way of personalization. The customer is greeted by name and welcomed back whenever he or she visits the site. Customization: It allows a customer to tailor the service he or she receives from an e-commerce site Recommendation: t was based only on the preferences that a customer would have explicitly expressed during registration. Now, it can be done in real time and predicted automatically by the personalization engine using different types of information such as observed real-time behavior, purchase histories and expressed preferences. Customization: It allows a customer to tailor the service he or she receives from an e-commerce site. 4. Getting to fine-grained segmentation: This step also uses artificial intelligence to conduct knowledge discovery. That is, it can look for patterns in large data sets and identify common elements. 5. Going through the streams of clicks: Click-stream information is the recording of every page request from every visitor by the website owners. This information is stored into massive log files. 6. Enrich content with external data: Once a customer performs a number of purchases, the website is able to further enhance the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profile. Demographic data from third party providers may be added to the profile to provide a richer view of the customer base. 7. Reaching optimal intelligence: A company can reach optimal intelligence once it is able to combine historical transaction records, observed behaviour via click-stream data and preferences expressed in online surveys. Q: 4 when a data is sent across the network it is encrypted and arrang ed in a way that even if there is a diversion in the flow of data should not leak the data. At the reception it is decrypted and actual data is obtained. Explain the different methods of encryption technique. Ans: Encryption is a method by which plaintext can be converted into cipher text. There are three types of cryptography or methods of encryption: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Secret key or private key or symmetric key cryptography à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Public key or asymmetric key cryptography à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Hash function 1. Secret key or symmetric key cryptography In this scheme, both the sender and the recipient possess the same key to encrypt and decrypt the data. Figure 8.1 shows how secret or private key cryptography works. Data Encryption Standard Data Encryption Standard (DES) is an example of secret key cryptography. It was developed by IBM. DES is block cipher-based scheme which encrypts a 64-bit data block using a 56-bit key. The block is transformed in such a w ay that it involves sixteen iterations. Drawbacks of secret key cryptography à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Both parties must agree upon a shared secret key. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢If there are n correspondents, you have to keep track of n different secret keys. If the same key is used by more than one correspondent, the common key holders can read each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mail. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Symmetric encryption schemes are also subject to authenticity problems. Since both the sender and the recipient have the same secret key, the identity of originator or recipient cannot be proved. Both can encrypt or decrypt the message. 2. Triple Encryption DES is considered unsafe for various applications primarily due to the 56-bit key size which is too small. Triple DES is considered as an improved version to overcome many of the shortcomings of DES. The triple encryption technology is based on DES and is sometimes referred as Triple DES or 3DES. The event follows an Encrypt-Decrypt-Encr ypt (EDE) sequence. Decrypt sequence is just the same encrypting operation with the keys reversed. It is based on the DES algorithm and can easily modify the existing software to use Triple DES. It has a longer key length that helps in eliminating many of the shortcut attacks used to reduce the amount of time it takes to break DES. Triple DES mode of operation takes three 64-bit keys for an overall key length of 192 bits. In Private Key Encryption, the user can just type in the complete 192-bit (24 character) key rather than entering each of the three keys individually. The procedure for encryption is exactly the same as regular DES, but it is repeated three times. The data is encrypted with the first key, decrypted with the second key and finally encrypted again with the third key 3. Public key cryptography This scheme operates on a double key, called pair key, one of which is used to encrypt the message and the other is used to decrypt it. This can be viewed as two parts ; one part of the key pair, the private key, is known only by the designated owner. The other part, the public key, is published widely but is still associated with the owner of the private key. HASH function Hash function is a formula that converts a message of a given length into a string of digits called a message digest. Q: 5 explain different kinds of electronic payments system in detail. Ans: Electronic payment system An electronic payment system is an online business process that enables fund transfer through an electronic medium such as personal computers and mobile phones. Types of Electronic Payment Systems (EPS) There are three main categories of EPS. 1. Banking and Financial Payments Large-scaleor whole payment (e.g.,bank-to-banktransaction) Small-scaleor retail payment (e.g., ATM) Home banking (e.g., bill payment) 2. Retail Payments Credit cards (VISA or Master cards) Private label credit/debit cards (e.g., JC Penny cards) Charges cards (e.g., American Express) 3. Onlinee-commercePayments This category is again divided into two types: (i)Electronictoken-basedpayment system Electronic cash (e.g., DigiCash) Electronic cheques (e.g., NetCheque) Smart cards or debit cards (e.g., Mondexe-currencycards) (ii)Creditcard-basedpayment systems Encrypted credit cards (wwwform-basedencryption) Third-partyauthorization number (e.g., First Virtual Electronic cards: Electronic cards are designed to reflect your bank, financial and retail payments. By having one, it means that you definitely do not need to visit your bank physically in order to access your account. Mostly cut out of hard plastic material to make them durable, the cards will have a magnet trip that allows the machines to be able to gain access to your bank account electronically. They will come in three major types, the debit card, the credit card and the prepaid card. All that the vender has to do is to swap your card across the payment system where a message will be sent to your bank and immediately reply with a confirmation message. All this is done in a matter of seconds Online e-commerce Payments: This kind of payment system is slowly on the rise. We can attribute this to the increase of online shopping. Having an online account with either PayPal money bookers and or any provider allows you to be able to transfer funds more quickly as there are no restrictions and limitations on what you can do with your electronic money. One can be able to access their online accounts through their phones and or computers. These accounts are so simple to use. Q: 6 we know that there are various internet services which help us to make the use of network efficiently. Being a regular user of the various services without probably, knowing the technical aspects explain those services in details with an example. Ans: internet services an organization that provides an information service over the Internet. Examples are search engines, cloud storage services and application service providers. Following services that are available on the Net: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢World Wide Web à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢E-mail à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢File Transfer Protocol à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Telnet à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Web Chat à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Online Service à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Instant Messaging World Wide Web World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents a ccessed via the Internet. E.g. www. Ikea.com Electronic Mail E-mail is any method of digitally creating, transmitting or storing human communication that is primarily textual. SMTP was first published as Internet Standard 10 (RFC 821) in 1982. However, e-mail soon became à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"network e-mailà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. By 1966, messages could be exchanged between different computers. The creation of ARPANET in 1969 made a very significant contribution to the development of e-mail and one report indicates experimental inter-system e-mail transfers. In 1971, Ray Tomlinson started the use of the [email  protected]/* */ sign which separates the user name from their machine name E-mail system work. The model on which a modern e-mail system works is the store-and-forward model. E-mails could only send or receive text messages composed in the ASCII character set. Example hotmail, yahoo etc. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): It is a network protocol used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network such as the Internet. Special FTP software is required to connect to an FTP site and download and upload files. Both commercial and free FTP software programs are available. The following information is required to connect to an FTP site: 1. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Server addressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"hostnameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢: The network address of the computer you want to connect to; for example, FTP.MYFTPSITE.COM. 2. Username and password: These are the credentials you use to access the specific files on the computer you wish to connect to. Telnet: It is a network protocol used on the Internet or in LAN connections, it was developed in 1969, technology with which a user can get access to a command line interface on a remote machine. telnet castor Trying 129.215.112.8 Connected to castor.ucs.ed.ac.uk. Escape character is ^]. SunOS UNIX (castor) login: Web Chat: Web chat allows users to communicate with one a nother in real time through Web interfaces. A Web browser is the only requirement to be able to chat on the Web. HTML pages came with their disadvantages as well, the main one being their interactivity. Every HTML message required a form to be submitted and a page to be loaded. There were delays in receiving messages and page flicker because of frequent page reloads. As a result, the use of HTML chat sites reduced. Java applet technology was introduced in 1995, Advanced network and graphical capabilities. But Java too had its own problemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"long initial page loading time Newer technologies have been in use since 2005, Ajax and Flash Online se s a generic term that describes any company, organization or group that provides an online service. These types of services may include Web sites, discussion forums, chat rooms, or Web mail. OSPs may also refer to a company that provides dial-up access to the Internet service example C Online service: Online services provide an infrastructure in which subscribers can communicate with one another, either by exchanging e-mail messages or by participating in online conferences (forums). In addition, the service can connect users with an almost unlimited number of third-party information providers. Subscribers can get up-to-date stock quotes, news stories hot off the wire, articles from many magazines and journals, in fact, almost any information that has been put in electronic form. Of course, accessing all this data carries a price. Instant messaging: A type of communications service that enables you to create a kind of private chat room with another individual in order to communicate in real time over the Internet

The Is Not Worth Living For A Man - 866 Words

One of Socrates most famous quotes is arguably when he said that â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living for a man.† This quote was said on his trial against the Athenians and since then it has provoked a lot of thought. What does he mean? Why does he think that? Is it true? Well in this paper I will talk a bit about this and put forth my opinion on the matter as well as discuss what the other famous philosopher Descartes may have thought about this quote. So the first question is what does this quote really mean? I think that this quote is basically saying â€Å"what is the point of life if you aren’t going to understand it?† It seems that Socrates thinks that if you aren’t questioning your existence and how you came to be then you’re wasting your time. Blindly accepting what seemingly is and what isn’t is in his mind a terrible way to be. Without searching for answers how can you know what is and isn’t actually real? For all he knows, everything could be a lie and in his eyes living a lie is a terrible way to live. This is what I think is his reasoning behind the quote. As for my opinion on this, I think he’s being a bit harsh. There is no right or wrong way to live life and if people are content with what they think they know now, then why challenge them? Not everyone doubts everything and that’s because they don’t feel it necessary. Whether or not things are real and understood in life doesn’t necessarily matter. All that matters is that things work out. We still feelShow MoreRelatedThe Absurd Man By Albert Camus1275 Words   |  6 Pagesabsurd inevitably creates the absurd man. In the three works that will be discussed, by Albert camus tend to deal with the philosophy of the absurd and how the absurd man abides to this philosophy. Through three characters each example of the absurd man is evidently present among each work. 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The life of someone should never be taken away because life is a Paschal Mystery. For someone to end or give up their life, their opportunity to smile, or make someone else smile is so foolish. Sheen says on page 136 of ‘Life is Worth living’ â€Å"I tell you that if God in Heaven had not come down to this earth in the form of a man and given us the supreme example ofRead More The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pages Socrates was considered by many to be the wisest man in ancient Greece. While he was eventually condemned f or his wisdom, his spoken words are still listened to and followed today. When, during his trial, Socrates stated that, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† (Plato 45), people began to question his theory. They began to wonder what Socrates meant with his statement, why he would feel that a life would not be worth living. 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Islamic paradigm free essay sample

Therefore, despite their claim to have a totalistic protractor history, Annalists historians were counterrevolutionaries. In my opinion, it is only in Islamic paradigm for the study of civilization that one can find a holistic (taws. Kid)approach history. It is a pity that none of the leading historians interviewed by Gallagher in this study showed any appreciation Islamic epistemology. It is interesting observe leading Western scholars of Islam and Muslim world were openly convincingness they had boondoggling the Nonalcoholics approach to history. This school, as indicated above, was not administrable even for the study of Westerncivilization. Nevertheless,in view of its unique methodology, the book is, in many ways, an important contribution to the Middle Eastern historiography. However, the editor can not be credited with creating this oral approach history. Before publication of this work, there were Lawrenceville similar works in the field. The mentionable study in this regard is Paths to the Middle East: Ten Scholarly Back edited by Thomas Naif. The book is useful for students, as the leading scholars of the Middle East have offered a lot of invaluable advice to students the Middle Eastern story. In addition, the book sheds some light on Orientation and on the lives of the leading orientations of the postwar War II era. The study is useful for students of history, historiography, orientation, and sociology. Accountability in Islam Accountability: A Comparatively offhand Irresponsibilitys Islam and Man-mediocrities, by SheikhOsmanAbdulKaderai-Sari, translated by Mohammedanism. Clangor,Magnesia: WEB Printer, 1992. Up. 103. ISBN 983-9668-18-8. Reviewer: Seed Surreal Islam, Department Political Science,lolls [1 04] INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE The question of accountability has for long been one of the major issues in politics and administration. In the Western literature. Two groups of theorists- the Marxist and the Liberals-have given basically contradictory opinions on this issue. However. Both groups of theorists have serious weaknesses which have led many others to think of alternative approaches to this concept. Sheikh Osama Abdullah AY-Safaris Accountability: A Comparative Study of Human Responsibility Between Islam and Man-made Doctrines is one such attempt. As he points out, Man-made citrines are driving mankind rapidly towards its doom. This dire dilemma prompts thinking to find a solution.. -At this point of our discussion comes Islam to offer the really ideal solution (p. 61). The book. Originally written in Arabic and translated into English by Muhammad Bawd. Consists of nine chapters and is divided into two parts. In the first part. The author examines major Western ideologies. Including Marxism, Liberalism. And Determinism. Sheikh Osama points out that while the Marxist see mans behavior as part and parcel of the movement of society. (p. L) the liberals give sanctity to the individual rather than to society (p. ). According to the Marxist. Individual freedom is limited by socio-economic and political conditions of a state. And life is essentially of a dialectic nature. And it follows from this that mans responsibility is part of this paradox and of the dialectics of society (p. 14). To the liberals, on the other hand, individuals have full freedom: Individuals can behave the way they like and make their arra ngements on conditions that their actions or arrangements do not contradict laws or regulations in force (p. 47). After stating the main points of the Marxist. Liberals. ND Determinist. Sheikh Osama proceeds to examine their views. He points out that the Western approaches are man-made doctrines and have serious shortcomings. First, accountability in these approaches applies exclusively to the social and public aspects of mans life, and does not concern itself with the individuals private life. Secondly, these approaches are concerned only with mans present earthly life and do not take into consideration life after death. Thirdly. CocoaJ;notability in these approaches is based on constitutional and general laws. Finally. In the Western models. Ethos have to be developed for implementing these laws. In the second part of the book. Sheikh Osama explains the Islamic point of view on accountability. In Islam. Tackle (accountability) includes commands. Forbidden things as well as matters left to [1 05] choice. Accountability in Islam comprises main categories of ordinances: doctrinal and statutory. While the former is detailed in the Holy Curran, the tater is discussed the domain of fish (Islamic Jurisprudence). Let follows from this that individuals are liable to both doctrinal and practical duties. A Muslim, the authors says, should obey all commandments keep away from all he is forbidden to do and to worship God alone with no partners. Man has no choice in evading these duties. Thus, while in the man-made doctrines, philosophers and speculators have to toil to prove their ideas and convince others often, in Islam, this is not the case with Gods manslaughter the concept of responsibility is delineated by the Characteristic. The justification for responsibility, thus commoners inside the messages Islam and not from outside as in the case with man- mediocrities. (P. 84)Len examining concept accountability, the author explains in detail also the conception al-had the (right path) and al-alai (wrong path). In the last chapter, Sheikh Osama makes several comments, the most important of which is that in Islam every individual is directly accountable Almighty Allah. Every individual is responsible for himself. In this world, accountabilitys both collective anticipated, on the day of comprehensibilitys is strictly individual (p. 95). Thus, individual accountability goes beyond this life and extends to the hereafter. Finally, the author concludes that while the nature of responsibility in man- underestimates at organogenesis relationship betterments beings within the framework of material appearances [Islam] probes the depths of the human soul and takes into considerations origin, formation and its end, and looks after its needs in the light of its existence in the present life as well as in the hereafter. (p. 99) Undoubtedly, this book is a product of SheikhOsmanspainstaking efforts. However, it suffers from conglomerations. First, in examining both the Marxist and Liberal approaches to the concept of accountability it would have been better if the author had given the views of specific philosophers rather than talking in general terms. Secondly, ,. While discussing conception al-had and al-algal, the author could have brought other relevant concepts like Jamaica (consensus)and IL . Azans(motivation for perfection) which have direct bearing on making an individual accountable is duties. Thirdly, the book is full of repetitions.